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Fine needle aspiration of the thyroid

Definition

A fine needle aspiration of the thyroid gland is a procedure to remove thyroid cells for examination. The thyroid is located in front of the trachea (windpipe) at the top of the neck.

Alternative Names

Thyroid nodule fine needle aspirate biopsy; Biopsy - thyroid - skinny-needle; Skinny-needle thyroid biopsy

How the Test is Performed

This test may be done in the health care provider's office or in a hospital. Usually anesthesia (numbing medicine) is not needed because the needle is very thin.

You will lie on your back with a pillow under your shoulders and your neck extended. After the biopsy site is cleaned, the thin needle is inserted into the thyroid, and a sample of thyroid cells and fluid are removed. The needle is then taken out.

Pressure will be applied to the biopsy site to stop any bleeding, and the site will be covered with a bandage.

How to Prepare for the Test

Tell your health care provider if you have drug allergies, bleeding problems, or are pregnant. You should also make sure your health care provider has a current list of all medications you take, including herbal remedies and over-the-counter drugs.

How the Test Will Feel

You may feel a sting as the needle is inserted.

Why the Test is Performed

This is a test to diagnose thyroid disease or thyroid cancer.

Normal Results

The thyroid tissue is normal in structure and the cells appear non-cancerous under a microscope.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may mean thyroid cancer, noncancerous tumors, or diffuse thyroid disease such as goiter or thyroiditis.

Risks

The main risk is bleeding into or around the thyroid gland. If bleeding is severe, the windpipe (trachea) may be compressed. This complication is rare.

The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Call 911 for all medical emergencies. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997- A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited.