Biliary strictures are often caused by surgical trauma to the bile ducts, for example, after surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). Other causes of this condition are blunt injury to the intestine, pancreatitis, breakdown of the duct by a gallstone in the bile duct, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and cancer of the bile duct. Risk factors include previous biliary surgery, pancreatitis, cholelithiasis, or injury to the intestine.
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