Head lice

Injury	Disease	Nutrition	Poison

Symptoms	Surgery	Test	Special Topic

Head lice

Nit on human hair

Lice, head - nits in the hair with close-up

Head louse emerging from egg

Head louse, male

Head louse - female

Head louse infestation - scalp

Overview

Symptoms

Treatment

Prevention

Head lice

Alternative Names:

Lice - head; Nits; Pediculosis capitis - head lice

Treatment:

Lotions and shampoos containing permethrin are usually effective. They are available over-the-counter. If these do not work, a doctor can give you a prescription for medicine that contain insecticides. Such medicine should be used exactly as directed.

Certain products make the eggs (nits) easier to remove. Some dishwashing detergents can help dissolve the "glue" that makes the nits stick to the hair shaft.

You can remove the eggs with a nit comb. Before doing this, rub olive oil in the hair or run the metal comb through beeswax. This helps make them easier to remove.
Metal combs with very fine teeth are stronger and more effective than plastic nit combs. These metal combs are easier to find in pet stores or on the Internet than in pharmacies.
Removing eggs may prevent the lice from returning if the medication fails to kill every one of them.
Treat children and adults with lice promptly and thoroughly.
Wash all clothes and bed linens in hot water with detergent. This also helps prevent head lice from spreading to others during the short period when head lice can survive off the human body.

Treatment can cause significant side effects in children younger than 6 months old, the elderly, and anyone weighing less than 110 lbs (50 kg), especially when the treatment is used repeatedly in a short period of time.

Expectations (prognosis):

Lice are usually killed with proper treatment. However, lice may come back, especially if the source is not corrected. For example, a classroom with many infected children can cause kids to repeatedly get lice.

When one case is detected in a family or a school or child-care center, every child at that location should be examined for head lice. This can help prevent further spreading.

Complications:

Some people will develop a secondary skin infection from scratching. Antihistamines can help relieve the itching.

Calling your health care provider:

Call your health-care provider if symptoms continue after home treatment, or if you develop areas of red, tender skin, which could mean a possible infection.

References:

Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober, CG, eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 2nd Ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 2003.

Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R, eds. Principles of Infectious Diseases. 5^th Ed. New York, NY: Churchill Livingstone, 2000:2972-2973.

Goetz CG, Pappert EJ. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 2^nd Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2003.

Review Date: 3/17/2006
Reviewed By: John Goldenring, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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