Panic disorder

Injury	Disease	Nutrition	Poison

Symptoms	Surgery	Test	Special Topic

Overview

Symptoms

Treatment

Prevention

Panic disorder

Alternative Names:

Panic attacks

Treatment:

Anti-anxiety medications, antidepressants, and cognitive behavioral therapy have been successfully used to treat panic disorders. The medications act on the central nervous system to reduce the occurence of anxiety and associated symptoms.

A commonly-used class of anti-anxiety medications is benzodiazepines, including aprolazam (Xanax). However, this class of medications is associated with dependence and addiction. Ideally, these drugs are used only on a temporary basis.

Drugs from a class of antidepressant called SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors) are the most commonly used medications for panic disorder. If these do not help, longer-term use of benzodiazepines may be considered.

Behavioral therapies that may be used in conjunction with drug therapy include relaxation techniques, pleasant mental imagery, and cognitive restructuring. Psychological counseling and therapy techniques may be helpful in addition to medications.

Regular exercise, adequate sleep, and regularly scheduled meals may help reduce the frequency of the attacks. Caffeine and other stimulants should be reduced or eliminated.

Expectations (prognosis):

The disorder may be long-standing and difficult to treat. Although some people with this disorder may not be cured with treatment, most can expect rapid improvement with drug and behavioral therapy.

Complications:

Possible complications of this condition include avoidance of situations or places that might bring on an attack, and an increased likelihood for other anxiety and mood disorders.

Dependence on anti-anxiety medications is a possible complication of treatment. Dependence involves needing a medication to be able to function and to avoid withdrawal symptoms. It is not the same as addiction, which involves the compulsive use of a substance despite negative consequences. Dependence and addiction often occur together, but dependence itself is not always a problem.

Calling your health care provider:

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if panic attacks are interfering with work, relationships, or self-esteem.

Review Date: 8/19/2004
Reviewed By: Angela Smyth, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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