Selective mutism

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Selective mutism

Definition:

Selective mutism is a condition in which a child who is fluent with language frequently fails to speak in certain situations where language is expected.

It typically occurs in school or social settings. This pattern of mutism must be observed for at least one month (but the first month of school does not count, as excessive shyness is common during this period).

Parents often think that the child is refusing to speak, but usually the child is truly unable to speak in particular settings.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors:

Most experts believe that there are environmental, biological, interpersonal, and anxiety-related factors that cause selective mutism. Most children with this condition have some form of extreme social phobia.

Some affected children have a family history of selective mutism, extreme shyness, or anxiety disorders that may increase their risk for similar problems. This condition is most common in children under age 5.

Review Date: 5/4/2004
Reviewed By: Ram Chandran Kalyanam, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network.

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