Practice good oral hygiene for hairy tongue and black tongue. Be sure to eat a well-balanced diet.

Canker sores are caused by viruses and can't be cured by treatment. They must heal on their own. Be patient.

For tongue problems caused by dentures, see your dentist about making adjustments.

For a swollen tongue caused by allergies, antihistamines can help. Avoid the offending food or drug.

• the tongue problem is persistent

The doctor will perform a physical examination, look closely at the tongue, and ask question such as:

• When was it first noticed? Have you had similar symptoms before?
• Is there pain or swelling?
• Is there difficulty swallowing?
• Is there a tremor?
• What makes the problem worse? (Eating, drinking, swallowing, talking)
• Do you have dentures?
• What have you tried that helps?
• Are there problems with the teeth, gums, lips, or throat?
• Is the tongue bleeding?
• Is there a rash? Is there a fever?
• Do you have allergies?
• Are there problems with breathing, speaking, or moving the tongue?
• Have you noticed changes in taste?
• What medications are being taken?
• Do you smoke cigarettes, cigars, or a pipe?
• Do you use alcohol excessively?

Diagnostic tests will be determined by other symptoms. Blood tests may be used to confirm specific disorders, particularly systemic causes of tongue disorders. Biopsy of tongue lesions may be required in some cases.

TREATMENT

Treatment depends on the cause of the tongue problem.

• Cranial Nerve (CN) XII paralysis is usually treated by treating the cause of the disorder if possible. Therapy may be needed to improve speech and swallowing ability.
• Ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) may not require treatment unless speech or swallowing difficulties occur. Surgical cutting of the frenulum will release the tongue and relieve the problem.
• Mouth ulcers, leukoplakia, oral cancer, and other lesions can be treated by surgical removal of the lesion and/or various medications (see the specific disorder).
• Glossitis and geographic tongue are treated by treating the cause of irritation or inflammation.
• Medications prescribed may include corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and antibiotics or antifungal medications.
• Other treatments may include treatment for anemia and other disorders, and removal of the source of irritation.